Communication is once again important First, it is important to listen thoroughly

A manager who successfully develops a cooperative work group not only reduces barriers to pelformance but also enables employees to meet then; social needs. When employees see that they can help one another meet their social needs, a higher level of communication will exist among them. This communication, in turn, will foster a feeling of interdependence among group members, because they will see themselves as sharing certain goals that no single individual could achieve alone.Employees must also have the tools needed' to complete the job if they are to remain motivated and maintain a high level of performance. Sometimes it seems that subordinates are always "griping" about inadequate materials or old, worn-out equipment. These complaints put the manager in a awkward position because budget restraints often do not allow for the equipment and materials that subordinates would like to have. So what can a manager do? Communication is once again important First, it is important to listen thoroughly to the concerns of the employees without making premature decisions. Once the situation is fully understood, it is important that a manager explain why the new equipment can or cannot be purchased.

Managers often tend to. blame the inability to purchase on the budget or top management. While this is an easy out for the manager, it does little for the frust!ated employee who must work without that equipment. Giving a complete explanation of future possibilities for the equipment, discussing other alternatives that may be taken, and describing why other equipment may have a priority will prevent an employee from becoming demotivated due to equipment inadequacies. This also indicates to the employee that management is aware of the problem; even though no action is taken, at least management is listening.

The role that communication plays in obtaining necessary tools and equipment is demonstrated by a situation in which a secretary kept asking for a simple word processing system. Jerry was presently using an electronic typewriter, so it would not be too expensive to move up to a word processor. The move would increase productivity and probably reduce the number ofcomplaints receive about the slow level of productivity. Unfortunately, top management would not approve the word processor. Subsequently, Jerry was asked to write a rationale for the equipment so that the manager could again present the request to top management. Furthermore, Jerry was asked to accompany the manager when making the request. Once again the request was denied, but Jerry received a complete explanation fIrsthand and had an opportunity to ask questions. In addition, Jerry held a meeting with all those who produced the work Jerry typed to make clear what could be expected with the present equipment.

The discussion has covered all the elements that lead to job performance except one; instrumentality.